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Histology & IHC
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Prostate cancer stained with P504S antibody
P504S (AMACR) is an enzyme in the alpha-oxidation of
branched-chain fatty acids. P504S is expressed in
prostatic adenocarcinoma but not in benign prostatic
tissue. It has been found to stain premalignant lesions
of the prostate: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial
neoplasia (PIN) and atypical adenomotous hyperplasia.
P504S can be used as a positive marker for PIN. It may
be useful to confirm the diagnosis of small focus of
prostate carcinoma in needle biopsies.
P504S (Red); p63 & HMW CK (Brown)
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia stained with
Double Vision PIN-4 antibody cocktail.
P504S (see above)
p63 is detected in prostate basal cells in normal prostate, however it is useful as a differential
marker for benign and malignant tumours and can be used as a negative marker in malignant
tumours of the prostate gland. In normal epithalia HMW Cytokeratin (34bE12 like) stains
stratified epithelia, myoepithelial cells and basal cells in the prostate and bronchi. The
combination of P504S + HMW CK + p63 (PIN-4 cocktail) may be extremely useful for diagnosing
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), especially in difficult cases with limited tissues. P504S
stains cytoplasm in prostate adenocarcinoma and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and p63
and HMW CK stain normal (negative markers) and benign prostate glands. Use Double Vision
Double Stain Polymer Detection Kit #2 (MRCT525).
Melanoma stained with Pan Melanoma
Cocktail (HMB45, MART-1, Tyrosinase
This antibody cocktail is a first–order pan melanoma screener and has been proven as a valuable marker
for melanoma metastasis in sentinal lymph nodes. The HMB45 clone reacts with a neuraminidase-sensitive
oligosaccharide side chain of glycoconjugate present in immature melanosomes. It has been shown to
label the majority of melanomas. MART-1 / Melan-A is a useful addition to melanoma panels as it is
apparently specific for melanocytic lesions. It has been shown to be more sensitive than HMB45 when
labelling metastatic melanomas. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme involved in the initial stages of melanin
biosynthesis. Tyrosinase has been shown to be a more sensitive marker when compared to HMB45 and
MART-1. It has also been shown to label a higher percentage of desmoplastic melanomas than HMB45.
Tonsil stained with PAX-5
PAX-5 is a B-cell specific activator protein (BSAP). In early stages of B-cell development, PAX-5
influences the expression of several B-cell specific genes such as CD19 and CD20. PAX-5 is expressed
primarily in pro-, pre-, and mature B cells, but not in plasma cells. There is an excellent correlation
between CD20 and PAX-5 expression although PAX-5 exceeds the specificity and sensitivity of L26
(CD20) because of its earlier expression in B-cell differentiation and its ability to detect all committed
B cells, including classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma. It is very specific to B-cell lineage and does not stain T
cells and may be a superior pan B-cell marker than CD20
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma stained
with ALKc antibody.
ALK recognises the formalin-resistant epitope of native anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein. ALK
recognises the 200kDa transmembrane molecule expressed only in neural tissues. The ALK reacts with
normal ALK protein, as well as with the chimeric protein ALK-NPM. ALKc specifically labels t(2,5)-positive
cells giving strong cytoplasmic staining that is also associated with nuclear staining. Anaplastic large cell
lymphoma (ALCL) is a heterogeneous group of diseases by morphology, immunophenotyping and classical
presentation. It can be difficult to diagnose because of its similarity to Hodgkin’s. However, treatment and
prognosis of Hodgkin’s and ALCL is very different and it is imperative to diagnose correctly. Research has
shown that ALKc stains the majority of CD30+ ALCL. It has not been shown to stain Hodgkin’s disease
(Reed-Sternberg cells). ALKc should be used in a panel with CD15, CD30, TIA-1 and EMA. ALKc has been
shown to stain more intensely than ALK1.